ABSTRACT – Fungal nail is a common condition in which white or yellow spots appear under the nails. As...
Fungal nails
Fungal nail is a common condition in which white or yellow spots appear under the nails. As the infection increases, nail thickens, gets discolored with crumbling edges. It mostly occurs in toenails as compared to fingernails and also called as Onychomycosis or Tinea Unguium. When fungus starts affecting areas between toes and skin of the feet, it is known as athlete’s foot as athletes are more prone to fungal nails because of wearing tight-fitted and sweaty shoes. Fungus is usually developed due to moisture or wet areas like common shower, swimming pool etc.
CAUSES –
Group of fungi called dermatophytes are responsible for fungal nails
Some yeasts and molds can also cause this infection.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Nails look like:
White, yellow or brown in color
Thickened
Brittle, ragged, distorted and crumbly
Debris build up under the nails
Scaling beneath the nails
Infected nails separate from the nail bed
DIAGNOSIS –
Physical examination
Scraping of debris from the nails to diagnose root cause
TREATMENT –
Oral anti-fungal drugs
Medicated nail cream and nail polish
Surgery (In extreme cases)
RISK FACTORS –
Reduced blood flow
Slow growth of nails
History of athlete’s foot
Humid or moist environment
Heavy sweating
Wearing socks or shoes that block ventilation
Skin infection or condition like psoriasis
Weakened immune system
PREVENTIONS-
Keep nails clean
Trim nails regularly
Limit wearing socks or shoes for better ventilation
Wear proper shoes in humid areas
Use sterilized tools for manicure or pedicure
Avoid sharing shoes or socks
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
Estimation shows that 5% of population suffers from Onychomycosis worldwide.
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