ABSTRACT – Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an inherited condition which affects the cells of secretory glands that produce mucus,...
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an inherited condition which affects the cells of secretory glands that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices and causes severe damage to lungs, digestive system and other organs. Secreted fluids act as a lubricant which is normally thin and slippery but defective genes make the secretion sticky and thick to obstruct tubes, ducts and passageways, especially in the lungs and pancreas. Blockages in the lungs or airways can lead to lung infection and other breathing problems. Cystic Fibrosis causes blockage in intestine and pancreas which in turn make the organs difficult to secret enzymes to digest the food.
CAUSES –
Defective genes received from both the parents, however if it comes from one parent, thechild becomes the carrier
Mutated genes affect protein which controls the flow of salt and water outside thecells
Thick and sticky mucus in respiratory, digestive and reproductive system
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Respiratory:
Breathlessness
Wheezing
Continuous cough with thick mucus
Lung infections
Stuffy nose
Digestive
Severe constipation
Foul smell with greasy stools
Poor weight gain
Malnutrition
Intestinal blockage
Skin becomes salty in taste
Infertility (especially in males)
DIAGNOSIS –
Screening test of newborns
Genetic test to diagnose defective genes
Blood test
Sweat test
TREATMENT –
CF cannot get completely cured but treatment can ease the symptoms and reduce complications
Medications
Physiotherapy for chest
Vest therapy
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Surgical and other procedures like removal of nasal polyp, oxygen therapy, endoscopy,bowel surgery etc.
RISK FACTORS –
Family history
Race: It is most common in white people of North Europe
PREVENTIONS-
Lab test can be performed for both the partners to see the risk of CF to their baby.
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
Approximately 70,000 people suffers from CF worldwide in a year.