ABSTRACT – Gingivitis is a common gum disease which causes irritation, redness and inflammation of the gingiva. Gingiva is...
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a common gum disease which causes irritation, redness and inflammation of the gingiva. Gingiva is the part of gum at the base of the teeth. If it is left untreated, it can result into serious problems like periodontitis and tooth loss. It can be resolved by maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental checkup.
CAUSES –
Accumulation of plaque
Bacteria
Gum infection
Smoking
Vitamin C deficiency
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Redness of gums
Inflamed or puffy gums
Bad breath
Bleeding gums
Tenderness
Receding
COMPLICATIONS –
Periodontitis
DIAGNOSIS –
Physical examination
Periodontal probing- It measures pocket depth of the teeth.
Dental X-ray
TREATMENT –
Professional dental cleaning
Dental restoration if needed
RISK FACTORS –
Poor oral hygiene
Old age
Vitamin C deficiency
Hormonal changes
Some diseases like cancer, diabetes, HIV, etc.
Smoking
Genetic factors
PREVENTIONS –
Brushing teeth twice a day
Regular dental check up
Flossing of teeth
Rinse with the mouthwash regularly
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
Gingivitis affects 50% to 90% of adult population worldwide.