ABSTRACT – Multiplication and growth of unstoppable abnormal cells which subsequently results into tumor in brain causes Brain Tumor....
Brain tumor
Multiplication and growth of unstoppable abnormal cells which subsequently results into tumor in brain causes Brain Tumor. These are either cancerous – Malignant or noncancerous- Benign or cancer that spreads to brain from other body parts.
Types:
Primary Tumor –Benign or Malignant
Chordomas – Slowly growing tumors that are most common in people with age 50 to 60.
Craniopharyngiomas – Removing them is a bit complicated because they are located near critical structure of brain.
Gangliocytomas – Rare tumors that include differentiated neoplastic nerve cells.
Glomus jugulare – These are located near the base of the skull.
Meningiomas – Originating from meninges membrane which covers brain and spinal cord.
Pineocytomas- It arises from Penial cells which predominantly occurs in adults.
Pituitary adenomas- Most common intracranial tumors after gliomas, meningiomas and schwannomas.
Schwannomas- They initiate from nerve cells that provides electrical insulation.
Malignant Tumor
Gliomas – Most common adult brain tumor which accounts for 78% of the malignant brain tumors.
Astrocytomas – Starts from star shaped glial cells, part of supportive tissues in the brain called astrocytes.
Ependymomas – Comprises of 2 to 3 percent of the brain tumor.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) – Grow rapidly and spread to other tissues with poor prognosis.
Medulloblastomas – Most common in children which arises from cerebellum.
Oligodendrogliomas – Derived from myelin making cells.
CAUSES –
The causes are unclear but there are chances of the following causes which might give rise to brain tumor:
Inherited gene changes increase the risk of brain and spinal cord tumors
Cell alteration which makes the cells multiply uncontrollably can form tumor
Certain radiations/li>
Contact with harmful chemicals
RISK FACTORS –
Stress
Family History
Exposure to radiation
Pre-existing chronic diseases like obesity
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Headache
Seizures
Difficulty in communication
Paralysis on one side of the body
Dizziness
Vision and hearing changes
Tingling
Nausea
Confusion
DIAGNOSIS –
CT scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy – Used to determine the chemical content of the tumor and the nature of lesions.
Positron emission tomography (PET scan) – Diagnose recurring tumor cells
Biopsy
TREATMENT –
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
EPIDEMIOLOGY-
The incidence of primary malignant brain tumor is 3.4 % per 100,000 population.
Prevalence is 3.9% in males and 3.0% in females per 100,000 population.
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