ABSTRACT – Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. Cervix is a lower most region of uterus which connects to the...
Cervical cancer
Cervical Cancer happens in cervix is a lower most region of uterus which connects to the vagina. Cancer affects cells of the cervix. Human Papillomavirus (HPV), most common sexually transmitted infection causing majority of cervical cancers. Immune system of female tries to prevent the virus when it comes in contact however in some cases, virus survives for years and it leads to make some cells of cervix cancerous. Risk of developing cervical cancer can be reduced by the HPV vaccine.
CAUSES –
HPV – 13 out of 100 different types of HPV strains causes cervical cancer
Multiple sexual partnerse
Abnormal cell growth which turns into tumor
Smoking
Weak immune system
Long term use of birth control pills
Other sexually transmitted diseases
Low socio-economic status
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Vaginal bleeding during periods, after sexual intercourse or menopause
Heavy vaginal discharge with strong odor
Watery, bloody discharge
Pelvic pain
DIAGNOSIS –
Screening – It is not recommended until the age is 21 and above and it includes:
1. Pap test – Scraping of cells from cervix to examine in the lab
2. HPV DNA test
Punch biopsy
Endocervical curettage
Electrical wire loop
Cone biopsy
X-ray, CT scan, MRI
Visual examination of inside of bladder and rectum by using special scopes.
TREATMENT –
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
PREVENTIONS –
HPV vaccine
Quit smoking
Safe sex
Routine Pap test
Delaying first sexual intercourse – Younger women has high risk of HPV infection during their first sexualintercourse. Risk reduces as long as it delays.
RISK FACTORS –
Multiple sexual partners
Sexual intercourse at an early age
Low immunity
Other sexual transmitted diseases (STDs)
Smoking
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
This is the fourth most common malignancy among women globally.
Estimation shows that more than 5, 00,000 females from worldwide suffers from this cancer annually
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