ABSTRACT – It is a common condition on the scalp that appears due to flaking of the skin. It...
Dandruff
Dandruff is a common condition on the scalp that appears due to flaking of the skin. It is usually treatable. The cause of dandruff is not only limited to hygiene factors but it is associated with other causes as well. New born or young infants usually have dandruff which is known as cradle cap and it appears as greasy, yellow patches on the scalp.
CAUSES –
Dry Skin
Seborrheic dermatitis – Usually due to oily skin. It can make skin greasy, red, covered with flaky white or yellow scales.
Not washing hair timely
Skin Conditions – Eczema, psoriasis which makes the scalp very itchy.
Malassezia – It is a yeast that feeds on the oil depositions on the scalp.
Diet
Age
Some neurological problems can also increase the risk of medical condition called Seborrheic Dermatitis which causes extreme dandruff on the scalp.
RISK FACTORS –
Age
Poor diet
Neurological conditions
Male hormones
Stress
Head injury
Stroke
Genetic Factors
Environmental Factors
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Flakes
Itching
Dry Scalp
Redness
Rashes
Hair Loss
DIAGNOSIS –
It can only be diagnosed by examining the hair.
TREATMENT –
Gentle cleansing and shampooing on timely manner.
Pyrithione zinc shampoos – This is an anti-bacterial, antifungal agent which is used to reduce the fungus on the scalp
Tar-based shampoos – Coal tar can help in reducing the condition of Dandruff, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Psoriasis.
Ketoconazole shampoos – It is a broad spectrum antifungal agent
Selenium sulfide shampoo- These help in reducing malassezia fungi on scalp
PREVENTION –
Stress Management
Keeping scalp clean
Shampoo
Avoid harsh chemicals and hair styling products
Healthy diet
Sun exposure
Tea tree oil
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
The severity of dandruff peaks at the age of 20 and becomes lesser at an age of 50 and above
1 to 3% of adults have Seborrheic Dermatitis
42% of infants have cradle cap.
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