ABSTRACT – Diabetes is a disease which occurs when the blood sugar rises in the body. Blood glucose is...
Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease which occurs when the blood sugar rises in the body. Blood glucose is a major source of energy generated by Insulin hormone secreted by pancreas. Sometimes, the insulin is not generated in an appropriate amount which results into unused glucose inside the body thus marking the presence of Diabetes.
Types:
Type 1 -Also known as Juvenile Diabetes. The immune system is majorly responsible for type 1 diabetes. It affects pancreas which results into less insulin production. It can occur at any age but more common in children and young adults.
Type 2 – The cells of the body becomes resistant to insulin, due to which it requires more amount of insulin.
Gestational – It occurs during pregnancy which is hyperglycemia with blood glucose value more than normal level.
CAUSES –
Type 1 –
Viral infection
Bacterial Infection
Intake of toxins with foods
Type 2 –
Overweight
Intake more amount of carbohydrates
Stress
Heredity
Sedentary Behavior
Artificial sweeteners
Gestational Diabetes –
Overweight before pregnant
Family history of diabetes
Newborn with certain birth defects
High blood pressure or other medical complications
Sedentary Behavior
Suffering from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCODs)
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Feeling thirsty frequently
Micturition
Extreme hunger
Blurry vision
Frequent infections and slow healing on gums, skin, vaginal area
Feeling dizzy
Numbness in feet
Dark skin under armpits
Feeling sweaty
Feeling weak
Weight loss
COMPLICATIONS –
Cardiovascular Disease – Diabetes increase the risk of heart disease such as Angina, Coronary Artery Disease.
Neuropathy – More amount of sugar deposition damages the walls of blood vessels.
Nephropathy ( Kidney Damage)
Retinopathy (Eye damage)
Foot Damage
Hearing problems
Skin problems
Alzheimer’s Disease
Preeclampsia – High blood pressure, excess protein in urine, swelling in legs and feet
DIAGNOSIS –
Glycated hemoglobin test – It counts average blood sugar from past 2 to 3 months.
Fasting blood sugar test
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – After fasting overnight, the blood glucose is tested. Then, the blood glucose is tested again after drinking sugary liquid.
Initial Glucose Challenge Test
Follow glucose tolerance test
TREATMENT –
Monitoring Blood Glucose Level
Insulin administration
Oral Medications
Pancreas Transplantation
Biriatic Surgery – Weight Loss Surgery
Regular exercise
Healthy diet
RISK FACTORS –
Family history
Environmental factors
Geography
Weight
Inactive personality
Age
Gestational diabetes
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
High blood pressure
Abnormal levels of cholesterol
PREVENTION –
Exclude carbohydrates from diet
Regular Exercise
More water consumption
Lose weight
Quit smoking
High fiber diet
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
According to WHO, diabetes is the 6th most leading cause of death that is almost 1.6 million population.
Diabetes is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, and heart attacks according to WHO.
Prevalence of Diabetes has been rising in middle and low income countries.
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