ABSTRACT – Dyspepsia is commonly called as indigestion or an upset stomach generally caused by a bacteria Helicobacter pyroli....
Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia is commonly called as indigestion or an upset stomach generally caused by a bacteria Helicobacter pyroli. There may be recurrent pain in the upper middle part of the abdomen because of stomach ulcer, acid reflux or gallbladder disease.
CAUSES –
Gulping too quickly without chewing the food properly
Smoking
Anxiety
Spicy or fatty food
Carbonated beverages
Alcohol
Some antibiotics, pain killers, oral contraceptives, thyroid medicines
Stomach ulcers
GERD
Chronic pancreatitis
Bowel syndrome
Gastroparesis
Pregnancy
Gall stones
Celiac disease
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Bloating in the upper part of the abdomen
Bleaching or gas formation
Nausea
Acidity and burning sensation in the stomach
Growling stomach
Black Stools
Sweating
Inability to swallow
Yellow coloring of eyes
Breathlessness
Chest pain
DIAGNOSIS –
Lab test
Stool Test
Breath Test
Endoscopy – A flexible small tube is inserted inside the body to produce images of stomach’s interior part using camera and light.
Imaging Test
TREATMENT –
Antacids
H-2-Receptor Antagonist – Reduces stomach acid levels and lasts longer than the antacids
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – Effective in Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Prokinetics – More effective than PPIs but might have some side effects such as tiredness, depression, anxiety
Antibiotics
Antidepressants
Psychological therapy – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Biofeedback, Hypnotherapy
RISK FACTORS –
Emotional Stress
Certain drugs such as aspirin, pain relievers
Abnormality in the digestive tract
Spicy and heavy food
Hereditary factors
PREVENTION –
Avoid fatty or spicy food
Eat food in small portions
Exercise regularly
Stress management
Herbal tea
Psychological treatment
Acupuncture
Quit smoking
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
Chest pain is the mostly diagnosed condition in dyspepsia.
Helicobacter pyroli can affect any population of any age.
The prevalence of Dyspepsia is about 20-30% worldwide.
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