ABSTRACT – Glaucoma damages optic nerves due to high intraocular pressure built up in the eyes. If the pressure...
Glaucoma
Glaucoma damages optic nerves due to high intraocular pressure built up in the eyes. If the pressure is not controlled the eyes may get damaged, leading to loss of vision.
Types-
Open Angle – Chronic Glaucoma, caused by slow clogging of the drainage canals which results into increased eye pressure
Close Angle – Acute glaucoma or narrow angle glaucoma in which the eye pressure rises quickly.
CAUSES –
Eye Drops
Blocked drainage in the eye
Medications – Corticosteroids
Reduced blood flow to the optic nerve
High blood pressure
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Loss of vision gradually
Eye pain
Nausea and vomiting
Blurred vision
Halos around lights
Redness in the eyes
Sudden vision problems
DIAGNOSIS-
Measuring Intraocular Pressure – Painless procedure to measure internal eye pressure
Optic Nerve Damage Test – Checks the presence of Glaucoma through an instrument to look directly through the pupil to the back of the eye.n
Visual Field Test – Checks peripheral vision
Visual Activity
Pachymetry – Determines the thickness of the cornea
TREATMENT –
Eye drops
Prostaglandins – To treat open-angle glaucoma which increases the flow of the fluid
Beta Blockers – Reduce intraocular pressure in the eye
Alpha-Adregenic Agonists – Reduce the production of aqueous humor and increase the flow of fluid
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Miotic Agents – Increases the flow of the fluid
Oral Medication
Surgery
Laser Surgery
Trabeculectomy
Drainage Implants
RISK FACTORS –
Intraocular Pressure
Age
Ethnicity
Family History/li>
Medical Conditions such as Diabetes, High blood pressure
Other eye conditions
Long term use of Corticosteroid
PREVENTION-
Frequent Eye check up
Wearable eye protection
Nutritious diet
Treating elevated eye pressure
EPIDEMIOLOGY-
Glaucoma is responsible for 5.2 million people go blind worldwide.
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