ABSTRACT – Graves Disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune condition that results in overproduction...
Graves disease
Grave’s Disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune condition that results in overproduction of thyroid hormones. Body’s immune system starts attacking healthy cells instead of foreign invaders. It was originally known as ‘Exophthalmic Goiter’ which was later changed and named after Sir Robert Grave; a doctor who described this condition. Approximately, 30% of these patients also have a chance of getting affected from Grave’s Ophthalmopathy which affects muscles and tissues around the eyes.
CAUSES –
Malfunction of immune system
TRAb (Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody) – Antibody TRAb acts as regulatory pituitary hormone resulting in overproduction of thyroid hormones.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –
Excessive sweating
Tremors in hand or fingers
Erectile dysfunction
Weight loss
Change in menstrual cycle
Anxiety and irritability
Goiter
Grave’s ophthalmopathy
Palpitation
COMPLICATIONS –
Pregnancy issues
Thyroid storm
Brittle bones
Heart problems
DIAGNOSIS –
Physical examination
Blood test
X-ray, MRI, CT Scan
Ultrasound
Radioactive iodine intake/li>
TREATMENT –
Radioactive iodine therapy
Anti-thyroid medications
Beta blockers
Surgery
RISK FACTORS –
Age: It usually develops in people of age less than 40
Family history
Genetic factors
Pregnancy or recent child birth
Smoking
Other autoimmune disorders
Stress
EPIDEMIOLOGY –
Estimation shows that 2-3% of world’s population suffers from Grave’s Disease annually.
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