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ABSTRACT –

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) results in infections due to sexual intercourse. These infections are highly contagious and can transmit from an individual to another individual through blood, semen, vaginal and other bodily fluids. STD infections can also spread from mother to the infant during pregnancy or childbirth, through blood transfusion or via shared needles. This disease can be fatal if not treated on time.

CAUSES –

• Bacterial infections like gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia
• Viral infections through human papillomavirus, genital herpes, HIV
• Parasites such as trichomoniasis

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS –

• Sores on genital and rectal area
• Painful urination with burning sensation
• Fever
• Lower abdominal pain
• Unusual discharge from penis
• Odd-smelling discharge from vagina
• Vaginal bleeding
• Rashes on hands and feet
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Painful sexual intercourse

COMPLICATIONS –

• Difficulties in pregnancy
• Infertility in males and females
• Pelvic pain and subsequent diseases
• Arthritis
• Cancers like HPV-associated cervical and rectal cancer
• Heart diseases

DIAGNOSIS –

• Physical examination
• Blood test
• Urine test
• Fluid sample test
• Image screening

TREATMENT –

• Antibiotics
• Antiviral drugs

RISK FACTORS –

• Unprotected sex with more than one sexual partner
• Genetics and family history
• Alcohol abuse
• Young age between 15 and 24
• Sharing needles

PREVENTION –

• Have a safe sexual intercourse
• Get appropriate vaccination
• Communicate and verify new partners carefully
• Quit alcohol and drug intake
• Avoid contact with infected person

EPIDEMIOLOGY –

• The estimation shows that more than 1 million cases are found every day suffering from this condition worldwide.
• Study shows that majority of the cases does not show any or mild symptoms hence it becomes difficult to diagnose Sexually Transmitted Diseases.